Giant cell tumor (GCT) is one of the most common benign bone tumors that can metastase to distant organs such as lungs as the most common site; however, PULMONARY metastasis does not mean poor prognosis. We report a case of lung metastasis of giant cell tumor with varicose VESSELS within them, which is an extremely rare radiological appearance. Varicose VESSELS within these metastases have the same radiologic appearance resembling arteriovenous malformation (AVM), and if diagnosed inaccurately it can affect patient management significantly. As these varicose VESSELS have a potential risk of bleeding during biopsy or even spontaneously that can lead to hemothorax, we recommend contrast enhanced computed tomography scan (CT scan) after detecting lung metastasis in patients with giant cell tumor. We report here a case of varicose VESSELS within lung metastasis of giant cell tumor, which is a rare radiologic manifestation.

Background: This study aimed to investigate diverse structure of PULMONARY blood VESSELS in patients with combined PULMONARY atresia and ventricular septal defect and examine the effect on surgery result. Materials and Methods: This cohort retrospective study was conducted on admittances to Tehran and Sari Hospitals at 20052016 for PULMONARY atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD) with PULMONARY artery (PA) anatomical variation. Diagnosis of PULMONARY blood VESSELS in patients with PA-VSD was based on the results of CT Angiography (CTA), MRI, or cardioangiography examinations. Patients were followed up clinically by means of imaging in the course of initial repair, pre-definitive surgery preparation, and post-operative stages. All data sets were analyzed using Stata software version 13. 0. Results: Abundancy of PA-VSD classes A, B, and C was 34 (37. 8%), 51 (56. 7%), and 5 (5. 6%) individuals respectively, while mean age and standard deviation of subjects for each of the said groups was 166. 5± 75. 6, 135. 79± 5. 3, and 108. 4± 152 months respectively. 38 (42. 2%) were 1-year or younger at the time of initial surgery. As regards between-class age distribution, 18 (52. 9%) individuals in group A, 20 (39. 2%) individuals in group B, and the entire 5 individuals in group C were collectively above the age of 1 years old. Conclusion: In view of the recent studies and the present investigation involving 90 patients with PA-VSD, it is easy to apprehend the large-scale applicability of complete-repair surgical interventions for patients suffering from this disease. This holds true specifically for class A patients who enjoy a longer lifespan and a more favorable prognosis.

Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated PULMONARY vascular smooth muscle relaxation is a principal mechanism of PULMONARY vasomotor control. The purpose of this study was to compare the potency and efficacy of the following receptor-linked pathway for PULMONARY vasorelaxation which are mediated by cAMP. The experiments were performed on the rat PULMONARY artery rings using vasorelaxants including isoproterenol (ISO, ß2-adrenoceptoragonist), adenosine (AD, P1-purinoceptor agonist), adenosine 5' -diphosphate (ADP, P2-purinoceptor agonist), adenosine 5'- triphosphate (ATP, P2-purinoceptor agonist), and histamine (HIST, H2-histamine receptor agonist). All of these drugs induced dose-dependent relaxation in the rat artery rings precontracted with phenylephrine (100 nM) (PE, EC75). Dose-response curves for rat PULMONARY artery rings were recorded isometrically with Grass FT03 transducers and displayed on a Grass model 7 polygraph. The results showed that ISO (100 pM to 10 µM), AD (30 µM to 100 µM), ADP and ATP (10 nM to 10 µM) and HIST (1 µM to 100 µM) induced dose-dependent relaxation in rat PULMONARY artery rings. The maximum responses were for ISO, ADP and A1P (10 µM), AD (10 µM) and HIST (1 mM). In the preparations The maximum relaxant responses were for ISO (93.04±1.25%), ADP (78.39±2.68%), ATP (80.48±1.93%), AD (72.22±3%), and HIST (69.52±4.02%) respectively. The median effective concentrations (EC50) were 0.01 µM Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 4, Number 2 Fall & Winter 2000-2001 for ISO, 0.5 µM for ADP, 0.6 µM for ATP, 70 µM for AD, and 100 µM for HIST. These data revealed that although receptor-linked pathways and their activation of adenylate cycles and ensuing increased level of cAMP are responsible for relaxation in the artery rings, but there existed significant differences regarding potency and efficacy.

Background and purpose: Aim of this research is to study the effect of bridging collateral VESSELS (BCVS) on the success of coronary angioplasty in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). In coronary angioplasty of CTO cases, categorizing of lessions characteristics can be helpful in evaluation of success in angioplasty. There are controversies about the role of BCVS in the rate of angioplasty success in OTC cases.Materials and methods: Seventy seven patients with angioplasty done in CTO lesions were selected for study, and divided in two groups. In the first group comprising of 97 patients, there was BCVS, and the second group (50 patients) had no BCVS.Results: Success was achieved in 11 patients from Group II (40.7% vs 82% p=0.0002 with relative risk of 3.9, and confidence interval of 95%, (1.7 to 6.4). Of 52 patients with successful angioplasty, rate of success with estimation of less than three months occlusion was more in patients with occlusion for more than three months (63.5% vs 47.5%), p=0.0001 and relative risk of 1.8, with confidence interval of 95%, (1.3 to 2.6). Presence of a side branch at the distance of ≥ 2mm to the occlusion point has been one of the predictor factors for unsuccessful angioplasty (p=0.0007, relative risk 2.9, with confidence interval of 95%, (1.5 to 5.6).Conclusion: Presence of some morphological variables in CTO during angioplasty of coronary VESSELS may be helpful in guiding successful angioplasty. One of them is presence of BCVS which seems to have inverse relation to the rate of successful angioplasty.

Background: In angioplasty of chronic total occlusion categorizing lesion characteristics may be useful for their impact on procedural success. There is controversy about the role of bridging collateral VESSELS in chronic total occlusion procedural outcome. This study investigated the effect of bridging collateral VESSELS on the success of coronary angioplasty in  patients with chronic total occlusions.Methods: Seventy seven consecutive patients undergoing coronary angioplasty for chronic total occlusion were classified into two groups. Group I patients had chronic total occlusion with bridging collateral VESSELS (27 patients), and patients in group II had not such VESSELS (50 patients). Results: Procedural success was achieved in 11 patients in group I and in 41 patients in group II (40.7% vs 82%; P=0.0002; relative risk 3.9; 95% confidence interval 1.7-6.4). Of 52 patients with successful results than patients with ≥3 months (63.5% vs 47.5%; P= 0.0001; relative risk 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.6). Presence of a side branch of ≤2mm at occlusion point was a predictor of unsuccessful result (p=0.007; relative risk 2.9;95% confidence confidence interval 1.5-5.6). Conclusion: There are some morphologic variables which may be useful in guiding angioplasty in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion . presence of bridging collateral VESSELS is one of them , which appear to be inversely related to procedural success.